France is bracing for more protests this weekend after a week of turmoil and upheaval across the country following riots and looting last weekend.
The country has faced unprecedented violence after student protests led to clashes with police, which caused at least one teenager to have his hand blown off by a stun grenade and a one-year-old child to be hospitalised after a firework went off near his pram.
Justice minister Gerald Darmanin said that at least 217 people had been jailed in connection with the violence over the last week after undergoing fast-track trials to curtail the disorder.
Police deployments are also to be increased by 20 per cent, according to the country’s interior minister, Jean-Didier Berger.
But President Emmanuel Macron said that this weekend’s demonstrations will be strictly limited to those organised by authorised unions.
Cities including Nice and Lyon have imposed complete bans but Mr Macron said that only “illegitimate” protests would not be allowed.
“The general recommendation is that there should be no demonstrations,” he announced. “Those who want to continue to demonstrate, when they are trade union organisations, will have alternative routes proposed by the prefects.
“When they’re not union organisations, wherever possible, they’ll be banned.”
Officials fear it could be another volatile weekend as fresh demonstrations have already begun taking shape.
France’s main student union, UNEF, called for rallies on Saturday, while the anti-establishment “Yellow Vest” movement has filed plans for a march through central Paris.
Businesses across central Paris began boarding up their shop windows, and luxury goods shop Hermes said it had stepped up security measures at its stores.
Both Louis Vuitton and Hermes reported looting during last weekend’s riots.
On Thursday, the Pittsburgh Steelers cancelled a weekend fan event in Paris ahead of the NFL’s first regular-season game in the capital.
The team are set to face the New Orleans Saints on Sunday at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, which is around 10km from the Place de la Bastille, where Saturday’s protests are expected to begin.
The Steelers said that the fan event in the Bastille neighbourhood would no longer go forward.
Mr Darmanin said on Thursday that around 2,700 people had been taken into police custody since Saturday, in connection with riots and looting, in an interview with French news channel LCI.
French police have faced backlash for their handling of the demonstrations, with people criticising them for being too heavy-handed after tear gas and batons were used on protesters.
One teenager told the media that he had been left “traumatised” by his experience. According to Al Jazeera, 17-year-old Enzo was struck from behind with a baton by a police officer while another grabbed his arm. He was left with his head covered in blood and needing stitches.
“I am still traumatised. Instead of protecting us, they are attacking us,” Enzo said.
Another minor, 14-year-old Eden, has been left unable to speak after his jaw was smashed, after a police officer fired a tear gas grenade at his face in the Paris suburb of Saint-Ouen-l’Aumone.
“They are losing a generation,” Ainoha Pascual, a Parisian lawyer, told Al Jazeera. “The government is implementing a strategy of terror. Because when you maim someone, when you seriously injure someone, it means that that person, and indeed everyone around them, will not return to demonstrations.”
The demonstrations have occurred at the same time as protests across Italy, Albania and other European countries.
According to data from conflict monitor Acled analysed by The Guardian, France has not had the highest number of protests, but it has reported a faster acceleration into high-intensity unrest.
Thousands of French citizens have also protested against the introduction of laws that could further protect police, in what they call a “licence to kill” clause that entrenches a presumption of innocence when an officer employs the use of force.
Several demonstrations by the “yellow vest” movement have been banned after they were reported to be behind much of last week’s demonstrations. The group has announced a second wave this week.
Around 550,000 people took part in the protests last weekend. They began as a movement against a lack of teaching staff and dilapidated school buildings and have since grown into a more far-reaching protest about other issues, including the rising cost of living.
In comments on Thursday, Mr Macron blamed elements of what he called the “hard left” for the unrest.
"Last Saturday we had political and seditious acts by ultra-left groups whose aim is to bring down the Republic,” he said.
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