Rising temperatures and recurring heat waves have started affecting milk production in dairy animals, with scientists warning that output could decline by nearly 20 per cent if timely precautionary measures are not adopted.
Scientists at the ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute said prolonged exposure to high temperatures causes heat stress in cattle and buffaloes, leading to reduced feed intake, dehydration and lower milk yield. They cautioned that the impact could worsen in the coming weeks as temperatures continue to rise across northern India.
Experts explained that heat stress not only reduces milk production but also affects the reproductive health and immunity of animals. Dairy farmers have been advised to adopt proper management practices, including ensuring adequate potable water and maintaining well-ventilated shelters to minimise losses during the summer season.
“Crossbred animals and buffaloes are more vulnerable to heat stress, so farmers should take extra care of them. Such animals should be bathed twice a day, and feed and fodder should preferably be provided during the morning and evening hours,” said Dr Dheer Singh, Director, ICAR-NDRI.
Animals exposed to extreme heat often show signs such as excessive panting, reduced appetite and fatigue, directly affecting their productivity and reproductive performance. “If precautions are not taken in time, we anticipate a decline of around 20 per cent in milk production,” he said.
Recommending preventive measures, Dr Singh advised farmers to keep animals in well-ventilated sheds, ensure a continuous supply of clean drinking water and avoid overcrowding in cattle shelters. “Farmers should also sprinkle water on animals or use foggers and fans to maintain a cooler environment,” he added.
Dr Singh further stressed the importance of regular health check-ups and close observation of animals during the ongoing heatwave conditions.
Dairy farmers in several areas have already started witnessing a decline in milk production. Though the reduction is currently marginal, experts fear it could increase if temperatures continue to rise. In response, many farmers in the region have begun adopting preventive measures such as installing foggers, fans and sprinklers in animal shelters to keep livestock cool and comfortable.
“I noticed a decline of 2-4 kg per day in milk production, so I installed fans and foggers in the sheds,” said Balbir Singh, a farmer from Baldi village.
