According to the Malaysia National Cancer Registry Report 2017-2021, the three most common cancers in Malaysia are breast, colorectal (bowel) and lung cancers. The report noted that the incidence of all three cancers have increased compared to the statistics in 2012-2016. The lifetime risk of developing cancer has also increased to 1 in 8.
Among those who developed the top 3 cancers, over half of them are diagnosed late at stages 3 and 4. Early detection saves lives. Regular cancer screening can help detect the big C early when treatment is most effective. For the general public, there are screening programmes in place for some common types of cancer, three of these include: breast, colorectal and cervical cancers.
1. Breast Cancer Screening
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malaysia. Early detection is possible through screening.
- Who should be screened? Women aged 50 to 74 are encouraged to undergo mammogram screening every two years.
- How is it done? The mammogram is an imaging technique that allows earlier detection of abnormal lumps. Screening may be done earlier and more frequently for those at higher risk of breast cancer, for example those with strong family history.
- What else can be done? The screening effort is enhanced by regular breast self-examination (to be done monthly by an individual) and clinical breast examination (to be done by a healthcare professional).
- More information on breast cancer can be found here.
2. Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer is the most common cancer among men and second most common cancer among women. Fortunately, screening is relatively straightforward and those who wish to be screened just need to provide one stool sample.
- Who should be screened? Adults aged 50 to 75.
- How is it done? The iFOBT (Immunochemical Faecal Occult Blood Test) is a simple stool test that can detect hidden blood, a possible sign of colorectal cancer. If the result is positive, further testing like a colonoscopy may be recommended. Of note, screening efforts may begin earlier for those with a strong family history.
3. Cervical Cancer Screening
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, thanks to effective screening and vaccination. Vaccination plays an important role in prevention because the culprit of most cervical cancers is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), and we have vaccine available against this virus. Our screening efforts also aim to detect this infection early, before it causes cancerous changes at the cervix.
- Who should be screened? Sexually active women aged 30 to 65.
- How is it done? Through a Pap smear or a HPV test, which can detect infection and changes in the cervix before cancer develops. The swab for Pap smear needs to be taken by a healthcare professional, while the HPV test can be done by the client.
- How often? If the Pap smear is normal for two consecutive years, it will then need to be repeated every 3 years. In contrast, if the HPV test is negative, it will only need to be repeated every 5 years.
- More information on cervical cancer prevention can be found here.
Take Action Today
Screening is simple and can make a huge difference. If you fall into the recommended age group, do speak to your doctor to learn more. Don’t wait for symptoms—early detection can save your life.
Note: More articles on health-related topics can be found here.
Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult your doctor for personalised guidance and address any concerns you may have.
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