A FRIEND recently shared an article about how education systems around the world are moving away from rote learning and placing greater emphasis on critical thinking, problem-solving and analysis.

In Malaysia, we have been talking about Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) for years. It appears in education blueprints, policy documents and ministerial speeches. Yet many classrooms remain driven by examinations, model answers and the pursuit of grades.

That raises an uncomfortable question: are we truly teaching students to think, or are we still rewarding them mainly for memorising information?

A student who can reproduce pages of notes may score highly in an examination. A student who asks difficult questions, challenges assumptions or offers an unconventional perspective may not always receive the same encouragement.

That is not a criticism of teachers. Many educators are working tirelessly to nurture curiosity and creativity. The challenge is that they are often operating within a system that continues to prioritise syllabus completion, examination performance and measurable outcomes.

The world, however, is changing rapidly.

Artificial intelligence can retrieve information and generate answers in seconds. In such an environment, the ability to memorise facts becomes less valuable than the ability to evaluate information, distinguish truth from misinformation, solve complex problems and think independently.

These are the skills that will define success in the future.

Many teachers themselves were educated in systems that emphasised memorisation. Today, they are expected to cultivate creativity, critical thinking and innovation in their students.

The question is whether we are giving them the support, training and classroom flexibility needed to achieve those goals.

A teacher racing to complete the syllabus before examinations may have little time to facilitate meaningful discussion or debate. Likewise, students focused solely on achieving top grades may be reluctant to take intellectual risks or explore alternative viewpoints.

There is also a broader cultural challenge.

In many settings, obedience is often rewarded more readily than curiosity. Students quickly learn that providing the expected answer is safer than asking difficult questions.

While this may create orderly classrooms, it does little to prepare young people for a world that increasingly demands adaptability, creativity and independent judgement.

The consequences extend beyond education.

When people are not taught to question information critically, they become more vulnerable to misinformation, manipulation and extremist narratives.

In an age where social media can amplify falsehoods at remarkable speed, critical thinking is no longer simply an academic skill. It is a civic necessity.

If Malaysia is serious about developing a culture of critical inquiry, then the conversation must move beyond slogans and policy statements.

Teacher training should place greater emphasis on inquiry-based learning and classroom discussion. Assessments should reward reasoning and analysis rather than simple recall.

Students should be encouraged to engage in debates, research projects and collaborative problem-solving throughout the school year, not only during special programmes or competitions.

Most importantly, teachers must be trusted and supported. They cannot be expected to nurture independent thinkers while being constrained by excessive administrative demands and relentless pressure to meet performance targets.

Some of the most memorable lessons are not those in which students sat quietly and copied notes. They are the moments when teachers encouraged discussion, challenged assumptions and genuinely listened to different perspectives.

Malaysia’s future will not be determined by how many facts students can memorise. It will be shaped by their ability to ask questions, evaluate ideas and solve problems.

The country does not need another generation of exam machines. It needs a generation of thinkers.

That begins by giving both students and teachers the freedom to explore, to question and, occasionally, to be wrong. ‒ June 1, 2026

KT Maran is a Focus Malaysia viewer.

The views expressed are solely of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Focus Malaysia.

Main image: Twentytwo13

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