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A SURGE in tuberculosis cases across Malaysia has prompted renewed calls for vigilance, particularly during the festive season when social gatherings heighten the risk of transmission.
Dr Ummi Nadira Daut, Respiratory Medicine Specialist at Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Universiti Putra Malaysia, warned that tuberculosis remains a significant public health issue despite the availability of effective treatment.
According to the Ministry of Health Malaysia, 503 new tuberculosis cases were detected nationwide up to Epidemiological Week Five this year, bringing the cumulative total to 2,571 cases.
Sabah recorded the highest number of infections with 614 cases, followed by Selangor with 476, Sarawak with 257, Johor with 233, and Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya with 202.
Dr Ummi Nadira said delays in seeking medical examination and treatment allow infected individuals to unknowingly transmit the disease to family members and the wider community.
“Tuberculosis spreads through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes or speaks, especially in enclosed and poorly ventilated spaces.
“Large gatherings such as Chinese New Year open houses and breaking-of-fast events increase the risk of transmission if symptomatic individuals do not seek early screening,” she said.
She explained that tuberculosis symptoms often begin mildly and are easily overlooked, resulting in many patients seeking treatment only when their condition has worsened.
“The main symptom is a prolonged cough lasting more than two weeks. In addition, patients may experience persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue.
“If you experience these symptoms, do not wait. Seek immediate medical examination because early treatment not only protects yourself but also those around you,” she said.
Transmission is more likely in crowded settings such as densely populated homes, enclosed workplaces and institutions, she added. High-risk groups include individuals with diabetes, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems.
“Although tuberculosis can be treated and cured, adherence to treatment is crucial. Incomplete treatment can lead to drug-resistant tuberculosis, which is far more difficult to treat.
“The public is reminded to practise preventive measures, including ensuring good ventilation in enclosed spaces, observing proper cough etiquette and wearing a face mask if symptomatic,” she said.
She further advised those who feel unwell or have a persistent cough to avoid attending social functions or large gatherings in order to minimise the risk of spreading infection. - February 17, 2026