Russia on Sunday confirmed the third use of its new intermediate-range Oreshnik ballistic missile to target Ukraine.
The Russian Defence Ministry said it was deployed in response to Ukrainian "terrorist attacks" on Russian civilian targets, the Interfax news agency reported.
Russia had threatened revenge for a Ukrainian attack on a school in Ukraine's Russian-occupied Luhansk region on Friday, in which 21 students were killed and dozens injured.
Ukrainian authorities said the missile struck the major city of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev region.
Moscow has also stationed the Oreshnik missile, which means hazel bush in Russian, in Belarus. The weapon can carry both conventional and nuclear warheads.
Its extremely high speed of up to 12,000 kilometres per hour, with a range of up to 5,000 kilometres, makes it a potential threat to the entire European continent.
Zelensky: Use of Oreshnik shows Putin's insanity
In a Telegram post, Zelensky called the attack on Bila Tserkva "truly deranged" and said "it is important that this does not go without consequences for Russia." He gave no details of damage in the city.
It was, according to Zelensky, the third use of the weapon in Russia's war against Ukraine - once without warheads in Dnipro in south-eastern Ukraine and most recently in January in western Ukraine.
Zelensky had already warned the previous evening, citing information from Western intelligence services, of a new Oreshnik attack.
Earlier, Ukraine's air defence had spoken of a combined attack involving 600 drones, 90 missiles and cruise missiles. The Oreshnik was initially not listed among the ballistic missiles.
"Unfortunately, not all ballistic missiles could be shot down. Most of the hits were in Kiev and Kiev was exactly the main target of this Russian attack," Zelensky said.
"Three Russian missiles hit a water supply facility, a market was burned down, dozens of residential buildings and several ordinary schools were damaged."
Zelensky mocked Putin, accusing him of destroying residential buildings with his missiles and being "no longer even able to pronounce the word 'hooray' properly."
Zelensky: Putin "slurs" his words
Zelensky said Putin "slurs" his words, referring to an appearance by the Russian president on Friday in the Kremlin before graduates of the "Time of Heroes" training programme.
A video also disseminated by state media shows Putin at the end shouting a triple "hooray" as a sign of his confidence of victory in the war, but it sounded feeble by his standards.
Zelensky said everything must be done to create peace and protect people. Decisions by the United States, Europe and other allies were also needed so that Putin, whom Zelensky called an old Oreshnik - would learn to pronounce the word "peace."
Earlier, Kiev military administrator Tymur Tkachenko said 40 buildings had been damaged in a post on Telegram.
Kiev Mayor Vitali Klitschko reported on Telegram that at least two people were killed and 56 injured, with 30 of them, including two children, treated in hospital.
Klitschko also reported numerous damaged buildings, including high-rises and at least one school. He urged residents of the city to remain in shelters in the early hours of Sunday.
The Times of Ukraine reported on Telegram that numerous fires had broken out in the city, including one near the government district.
Poland puts air defences on alert
In neighbouring Poland, the military said on X that air defences had been placed on alert and military aircraft had taken off in response to the Russian attacks in Ukraine.
Poland has repeatedly put its air defences on alert during major attacks in Ukraine, sometimes with fighter jets from NATO partners also taking off.
Canada's Carney calls on Russia to cease strikes
Posting on X, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney called on Russia "to immediately cease these strikes and end this illegal war of aggression."
Carney predicted that Russia would lose the war and said that Canada would work with its international partners to secure a lasting peace. Canada is home to a large Ukrainian diaspora.
