- Ukrainian drone strikes have knocked out nearly a third of Russia's major oil refineries, driving domestic crude processing down to its lowest levels since May 2000.
- Severe fuel shortages across Russia have led to 30-hour queues at forecourts, rationing limits of 50 to 60 litres per vehicle, and outbreaks of fighting among motorists.
- Russian police are fining and detaining citizens who complain about the shortages, classifying public video appeals and social media posts as unauthorised gatherings.
- By mid-August, gasoline and diesel were available at only 28 per cent of petrol stations nationwide, leaving an estimated 50 million people affected.
- In response, Moscow has resorted to emergency measures such as extending fuel export bans, importing supplies from India, and reauthorising pollutant Euro-2 fuel.
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