Creating virtual clones of Indian cities to simulate floods, traffic and heatwaves in a risk-free digital environment before they strike in reality
The concept
A digital twin is a dynamic, virtual replica of a physical system — in this case, an entire city. Unlike a static 3D map, it is powered by real-time data from IoT sensors, satellite imagery, and LiDAR. In 2026, the ‘Sangam: Digital Twin’ initiative by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has moved into its practical demonstration phase, integrating 5G, AI and geospatial data to create a living model of urban India.
Why it matters
- Pre-emptive urbanism: Planners can run ‘what-if’ scenarios. “If we build this flyover, how will it change drainage flow three blocks away?” or “How will a 15% increase in EVs affect the local power grid?” This prevents costly engineering errors before a single brick is laid.
- Disaster resilience: Cities like Varanasi and Pune use digital twins to model urban flooding. By simulating different rainfall intensities, the twin identifies which neighbourhoods will inundate first, allowing for the pre-positioning of rescue teams and optimized evacuation routes.
- Underground transparency: One of the biggest hurdles in Indian infrastructure is ‘utility clashing’—breaking a water pipe while laying a telecom cable. Digital twins map the ‘subsurface’ (pipes, cables, metro tunnels) in 3D, ensuring coordinated multi-departmental planning.
- Heatwave mitigation: By simulating wind flow and sunlight patterns between high-rise buildings, digital twins help identify Urban Heat Islands and suggest the exact placement of ‘Green Corridors’ to lower local temperatures.
Key challenges
Data silos: Integration remains difficult as departments (Water, Power, Transport) often use incompatible legacy systems.
Privacy & security: A detailed digital clone of a city’s infrastructure is a ‘high-value target’ for cyber-warfare. The MQMP (Multidimensional Quality Metrics) standards are now being adapted to secure these urban twins.
Final outlook
Digital twins are shifting urban management from ‘Reactive’ (fixing a broken pipe) to ‘Prescriptive’ (replacing it before it bursts). By bridging the gap between planning and execution, India is ensuring that its ‘Smart Cities’ are not just technologically advanced, but fundamentally resilient to the climate uncertainties of the 21st century.
